Desarrollo regional y emprendimiento: evidencia para Colombia

Contenido principal del artículo

Julian Duran Peralta

Resumen

Antecedentes: la asociación entre desarrollo y emprendimiento ha sido abordada en múltiples trabajos como una relación unidireccional, ya sea que se intente explicar el desarrollo a partir del emprendimiento o viceversa. Por tal motivo, el objetivo fundamental del artículo es avanzar un poco más y evaluar para Colombia el vínculo entre el desarrollo de las regiones y su grado de emprendimiento como una relación endógena o de retroalimentación.

Métodos: se toman como indicadores del nivel de desarrollo regional el pib per cápita y el volumen de ocupación, mientras que como índice de emprendimiento se utiliza la tasa de empleadores y trabajadores cuenta propia con alto nivel de capital humano. Posteriormente, se contrastan modelos de ecuaciones simultáneas por el método de mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas (MC3E), en el que las variables explicadas son el desarrollo regional y el grado de emprendimiento.

Resultados: existe evidencia de una relación endógena y positiva entre ambos factores; el emprendimiento incide positivamente en el desarrollo regional, y a su vez, el nivel de desarrollo regional afecta positivamente el emprendimiento.

Conclusiones: además de las fuentes tradicionales del desarrollo consideradas en este ejercicio, el emprendimiento constituye un componente fundamental en el momento de planear el desarrollo regional. Elevar la participación del autoempleo asociado con las categorías ocupacionales de empleadores y cuenta propia con alto nivel de educación es una estrategia que, según los resultados de este artículo, permite generar una dinámica de retroalimentación positiva con la actividad económica.

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Duran Peralta, J. (2019). Desarrollo regional y emprendimiento: evidencia para Colombia. El Trimestre Económico, 86(342), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v86i342.656
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Julian Duran Peralta, Universidad Santiago de Cali

Docente e investigador del Departamento de Economía, Contabilidad y Finanzas de la Universidad Santiago de Cali.

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