Del telégrafo a la app: la evolución y el estado actual de los prestadores de remesas desde los Estados Unidos hasta México, ca. 1980-2020
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Este artículo ofrece una primera aproximación a la evolución de la estructura y los participantes en el mercado de remesas del corredor entre los Estados Unidos y México. Identificamos tres diferentes capas en la estructura y especificamos los agentes que involucran a clientes, proveedores de remesas (“remesadoras”) y bancos corresponsales para 1980-2024. Mostramos las limitaciones estructurales del mercado y sugerimos cómo la economía digital y la tecnología financiera (fintech) podrían ayudar a reducir el costo medio de los pagos transfronterizos. Los beneficios potenciales de las fintech para el mercado de remesas son especialmente relevantes para México, ya que el país tiene una alta proporción de población no bancarizada. Además, la reducción a 3% de las tarifas de remesas se ha definido como uno de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas para 2030. Una comprensión mejor y más profunda de las características de este mercado podría ayudar a lograr tal objetivo.
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